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japanese-American During WWII By Japanese immigrants and the following generations had to endure discrimination, racism, and prejudice from white Americans. They were runner viewed as economic competition. The Japanese Americans were then forced into internment camps obviously because of the whites fear and paranoia. The Japanese first began to immigrate to the United States in 1868. At first they came in small numbers. US Census records show only 55 in 1870 and 2,039 in 1890. After that, they came in much great numbers, reaching 24,000 in 1900, 72,000 in 1910, and 111,000 in 1920.(Parrillo,287) Most settled in the western states.(Klimova,1) M each families in Japan followed the practice of primogeniture, which is when the eldest countersign inherits the entire estate. This was a push factor. Because of primogeniture, second and third sons came to the United States to seek their fortunes.(Parrillo,287) The promise of economic prosperity and the hope for a better tone for thei r children were two pull factors. These foreign-born Japanese were known as Issei (first generation). They change a variety of unskilled jobs in railroads, farming, fishing, and domestic services. (Klimova,1) The Japanese encountered aversion and discrimination from the start. In California, a conflict with organized labor was due to their growing numbers in small areas and racial visibility.(Parrillo,287) White workers perceive Japanese as economic competition. Their willingness to work for lower wages and to a lower place poor conditions brought on hostility from union members. The immigrants became victims of ethnoviolence. In 1890, Japanese cobblers were attacked by members of the shoe makers union, and Japanese restaurateurs were attacked by members of the union for cooks and waiters in 1892. It was very difficult to find steady employment therefore, most of them entered inelegant work. They first worked as laborers, accumulated sufficient capitol, then as dwell farmers or small landholders. Some became contract gardeners for whites.(Parrillo,287) The Japanese farmers were very erudite of cultivation, which made them strong competitors against white farmers. More discrimination by the dominant group soon followed. In 1913, the California legislator passed the first alien landholding law, prohibiting any person who was ineligible for citizenship from owning land in the state, and per... ...omic exploitation. After enduring such(prenominal) injustices and hardships, many are now enjoying the life the Issei dreamed of for their families. Bibliography Work Cited Parillo, Vincent N. Strangers to These Shors rush along and Ethnitc Relations in the United States. Needham Heights, Massachuchetts 2000, 287-289. Klimova, Tatiana A. Internment of Japanese Americans Military emergency or Racial Prejudice. Old Dominion University. 1-9 (5/2/00) Asia, Ask. Linking The Past to stand for Asiatic Americans Then and Now. The Asia Society 1996. 1-3 (5/1/00 Spi ckard, Paul R. Japanese Americans The shift and Formation of an Ethnic Group. New Yourk1996,93-159 McWilliams, Carey. Prejudice Japanese Americans Symbol of racial Intolerance. boston 1945,106-190. Myer, Dillon S. Joseph Yoshisuke Kurihara. Upprinted Americans 1971. 1-5 (5/1/00) Asin, Stefanie.Poignand Memories. Houston Chronicle 7/31/95.1-3 5/2/00 Reaseach Center.research on 100th/442nd reginent conbat team.NJAHS.1-2 5/2/00 Miyoshi, Nubu.Idenity Crisis of the Sansei.Sansei legacy bewilder 3/13/98.1-21 5/1/00 Kiang, Peter. Understanding the Perception of Asian Americans. Asian Society1997.1-2 5/2/00 Word Count 1862